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一个企业各个职能部门的风险及相关控制及其测试<BR>-------------------------<BR>Human Resources<BR>.Trainning Service/Work Quality<BR>.Professinal Ethics,Honesty references on recruitment<BR>.Staff Chagne documentation,review<BR>.CEA of Salary timesheet,reconciliation,authorization<BR>.Staff Morale feedback,and incentive<BR><BR>Procument<BR>.Fraudulent Payment authorization<BR>.inaccurate,delayed payment authorization, only paid after goods received.<BR>.Value for Money comparison,documentation<BR><BR>Marketing<BR>.cost effectiveness budget review<BR>.demage reputation review ads.material.approval<BR>.breach of regulation contract,legal advice<BR><BR>Sales-Ordering,Despatch and Invoicing of Goods<BR>.authorized customer credit check<BR>.recording-price,quantity,item,customer<BR> review,double check<BR>.goods despatched to wrong customer<BR> <BR>.despatch correctly recorded <BR><BR>.depatch only after goods paid authorization<BR>.invoice raise after goods supplied<BR> authorization<BR> <BR>有关Sales 的system test 可参考June.2006.<BR><BR>答题方式:如果要求写明每个测试的原因,最好按照答案的两栏格式。<BR><BR>一个容易疏漏的测试点在于:系统没有或者无法顾及的地方,但可能涉及到相关数字的准确以及估值。比如,有买家的信用卡是假的;某些货物一直没有能够发出,有些款项一直没有收回。一个系统往往能够很好的完成前后对数,加总,条件分析,以及保证记录的数据传输无误等等,但对一些Valuation以及人为原因则无能为力,因此,审计程序需要特别考虑一下这方面有什么可以做。<BR><BR>凡是有system的情况:1,CAAT;2,Walkthrough Test<BR><BR>各会计科目的风险及审计程序<BR>-------------------------------------<BR>1,首先要把Assertions记住,然后,根据每个Assertions去回忆可能的审计程序:<BR>Completeness:<BR>Existance:<BR>Occurrence:cut-off?????<BR>Accuracy and Valuation:<BR>Cut off:<BR>Presentation and Disclosure<BR><BR><BR>2,?? 不计的这个市什么东西了<BR>Class of Transactions<BR>Account Balances<BR>Disclosure <BR><BR>3, 审计程序的分类,注意,默认情况下回答所需进行的审计程序以下两类都要写,不要漏掉ControL Evaluation.<BR><BR>3.1.Control Evaluation<BR>.Walkthrough Test<BR><BR>3.2.Substantive: 体现以下几类获取审计证据的方法(ISA500):(June.2005.Q6)<BR>.Analitical Procedures<BR>.Inquiry<BR>.Observation<BR>.Inspection<BR>.Re-calculation<BR><BR>4,有一些审计程序是几乎公用的:<BR><BR>-obtain a breakdown/schedule of *** and casting check for total amount agreed to ledger, and financial statement.<BR>-trace a sample of source document/physical item to ledger and financial statement<BR>-trace an amount from ledger supporting financial statement to source documents/physical item.<BR>-result of control test should be incorporated in deciding the time and extent of substantive testing.<BR>-sampling<BR><BR>重点会计科目:<BR>------------------------------<BR>注1:一下列出的是通用方法,答题的时候不应该照搬,而应该考虑每题的特殊情况,而且一定要让人感觉你是在应用这些知识,而不是照搬教条,这个考官曾经强调过。<BR><BR>注2:如果题目说明确实存在错漏,则有两条程序是需要额外加上的:(Dec.2005.Q5)<BR>i) Discuss with management why this occurs<BR>ii) Disscuss with Directors for future actions to be taken<BR>iii)Enclude in Management Letter<BR>iv) Possible modification of audit report if director refuse to correct the mistake<BR><BR>----------------------------<BR><BR>Sales<BR>.sales recognition.discuss.sales contract<BR>.trace order->invoices->sales ledger<BR>.trace ledger->invoices<BR>.cast the list of invoices in the receivable ledger for one month->general ledger<BR>.cast monthly sales figure in general ledger->financial statement<BR>.sales cut off<BR><BR><BR>Cost of Sales<BR><BR><BR>FixedAssets<BR>.borad minutes CEA <BR>.casting non current assets register->financial statement<BR> A<BR>.classification as non-current D<BR>.purchase invoice O <BR>.physical inspection EV<BR>.review depre.policy V<BR>.analytical procedures on depreciation CEA<BR>.check depre.cal.form V<BR>.reconcile with p&l for depre.charged A<BR>.impairment V<BR>.addtional vouch E<BR>.diposal reconcilation A<BR>.idle,held for sale V<BR>.secured or pledged O<BR>.finance lease O<BR>.two direction check EA<BR><BR>Cash and Bank<BR>-bank confirmation<BR>.details of bank balance,loan and overdraft<BR>.charges or restrictions<BR>.terms and repayment conditions of loans and overdraft<BR>.securities held<BR>.trade account finance, derivative instruments...<BR><BR><BR>AR<BR><BR>Inventory<BR>.consider materiality while selecting sites to attend inventory count CEA<BR>.count introduction<BR>-countsheet pre-number<BR>-all countsheets collected<BR>-work in pairs<BR>-inventory closed<BR>-item marked(double counting)<BR>.two direction test check<BR>.cast and tie<BR>.impairment test(valuer,market price)<BR>.confirmation-consignment stock<BR>.cutoff<BR><BR>Payroll:<BR>.security of cash<BR>.cash count.reconciliation.(because cash payment to staff is a cash movement).<BR>.from payment list to staff<BR>.tax and contribution<BR>.cut off<BR>.starter and leaver.cutoff<BR>.calculation sheet<BR>.payment authorization<BR>.disclosure checklist<BR><BR><BR>未完待续...<BR> |
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