法律英语英释词汇简明手册（A~C）（FOR Preview of F4）

说明：仅供学习交流，复制请注明出处，尤其是材料出处
材料出处：《法律英语教程》 李荣甫   宋雷 主编    北京：法律出版社，1999

Accession: the right to all which one’s own property produces, whether that property movable or immovable.

Acquisition: the act of becoming the owner of certain property by any means or any endeavor such as practice, purchase, or investment.

Actionable: giving enough cause for a charge in court.

Adjudication: formal judgment or decision given by the court.

Administer: to serve in the conduct of affairs, in the application of things to their uses.

Affirm: to confirm a judgment, as where an appellate court confirms the judgment of a court below it

Agency: relation in which one person acts for or represents another by the latter’s authority.

Agent: a person authorized by another to act for him; one intrusted with another’s business.

Allegation: the assertion, claim, declaration or statement of a party to an action made in a pleading setting out what he expects to prove.

Allot: to specify; to mark out or designate.

Amend: to make a change in; to modify.

Anti-trust law: statutes aimed at promoting free competition in the market place.

Appellant: a person who appeals to a higher courts; or concerned with appeals.

Appellate court: a court having jurisdiction of appeal and review.

Arbitration: submission of disputes, by agreement of the parties involved to persons chosen by themselves for determination.

Assault: an attempt or threat, with unlawful force, to inflict bodily injury upon another.

Association: the act of a number of persons in uniting together for some special purpose.

Bailee: a species of agent to whom something movable is committed in trust for another.

Bankruptcy: compulsory administration of the estate of a person unable to pay debts by the court for the benefit of his creditors.

Bar: the profession of barrister; all those who have the right to act as barristers.

Barrister: a lawyer in England who has the right to speak and argue as an advocate in higher law courts.

Barrister: a lawyer who has the right to speak and argue as an advocate in higher law courts.

Battery: a crime and a tort involving the actual, intended or negligent use of unlawful physical force on a person without his consent.

Bench: judges; magistrates; judge’s seat or office; law court.

Beneficiary: one who benefits from act of another.

Breach: the breaking or violating of a law, right, obligation, engagement, or duty, either by commission or omission.

Brief: summary of the facts of a case, drawn up for a barrister.

By-law: to ordinance, local laws or municipal statutes of a city or town.

Case-law: the body of law developed primarily from judicial decision based on custom and precedent, unwritten in statute or code.

Certiorari: a written order issued from a superior court to one of inferior jurisdiction, commanding the latter to certify and return to the former the record in the particular case.

Chamber: judge’s room for hearing cases that need not be taken into court; offices of barristers, ect, esp. in the Inns of Court.

Chancellor: a state or law official of various kinds, like the chairman of the House of Lords, or the highest judge.

Civil law: the basis of the legal system of most western European countries, law dealing with private rights of citizens.

Civil proceeding: relating to the state or its citizenry or private rights as contrasted with criminal proceeding.

Civil-law: the law dealing with relations between private persons as distinguished from criminal law.

Clause: a single paragraph or subdivision of a pleading or a legal document.

Client: a person who gets help or advice from a lawyer or any other professional man.

Commerce: the exchange of goods, productions or property of any kind, the buying, selling, and exchanging of articles.

Commission: a body officially authorized to perform. certain duties or functions.

Commissioner: a person authorized to do certain things by a commission or warrant.

Common law: case law or law as developed and pronounced by the courts in deciding cases, based on the law of England and judicial precedent.

Compensation: payment of damages which is necessary to restore an injured party to his former position.

Complaint: in a civil action, the first pleading of the plaintiff setting out the facts on which the claim for relief is based.

Complaint: the pleading which sets forth a claim for a relief.

Configuration: shape or outline; method of arrangement.

Conflict: inconsistency or difference.

Consent: the permission by competent authority to do an act which, without such permission, would be illegal.

Conspiracy: a combination of two or more persons to commit a criminal or unlawful act, or to commit a lawful act by criminal or unlawful means.

Contract: agreement or pledge to do something, e.g. a statement by a lender that a loan will be made under certain terms.

Contributory negligence: a man’s carelessness in looking after his own safety. A defense established where it is proved that an injured party failed to take reasonable care of himself, thus contributing to his own injury.

Controversy: a litigated question; a justiciable dispute.

Convention: an agreement or compact; esp. international agreement.

Convention: an international agreement dealing with a specific subject.

Convict: to find or prove someone guilty of an offence or crime in a court of law.

Conviction: declaring in a law court that a person is guilty of a crime.

Copy right: the right of literary property as recognized and sanctioned by positive law.

Corporation: an association of shareholders created under law for some purpose and considered as having rights and duties and the capacity of succession.

Corpus: an aggregate or collection, esp. of writings on a specified subject.

Counterfeit: a fraudulent imitation produced with intent to deceive.

Counterpart: a person or thing is exactly like, or closely corresponding to, another.

Court of record: a court, the records of which are maintained and preserved, and which may punish for contempt of court.

Create: to bring into being; to cause to exist; to produce.

Criminal law: the law which declares what conduct is criminal and prescribes the punishment to the imposed for such conduct.

Currency: the particular type of money in use in a country.

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