2012年ACCA考试《p2公司报告》讲义辅导31

2012年ACCA考试《p2公司报告》讲义辅导31

Derivative: a financial instrument or other contract with all three of the following characteristics:
　　（a） Its value changes in response to the change in a specified interest rate, financial instrument price, commodity price, foreign exchange rate, index of prices or rates, credit rating or credit index, or other variable （sometimes called the underlying）;
　　（b） It requires no initial net investment or an initial net investment that is smaller than would be required for other types of contracts that would be expected to have a similar response to changes in market factors; and
　　（c） It is settled at a future date
　　IAS 32 makes it clear that the following items are not financial instruments.
　　- Physical assets, eg inventories, property, plant and equipment, leased assets and intangible assets （patents, trademarks etc）
　　- Prepaid expenses, deferred revenue and most warranty obligations
　　- Liabilities or assets that are not contractual in nature
　　- Contractual rights/obligations that do not involve transfer of a financial asset, eg commodity futures contracts, operating leases
　　Contingent rights and obligations meet the definition of financial assets and financial liabilities respectively, even though many do not qualify for recognition in financial statements.