美国高中生考本科为何不扎堆报名校

美国高中生报考本科，不唯名校论。他们“择校”时考虑更多的，通常是学费是否在家庭可承受范围之内，申报公立学校还是私立学校，选择本州还是外埠就学。因为按美国多州的规定，如果学生在自己家庭居住的州上大学则学费从优，倘若选择其他州就学，学费可能会达到在本州的3倍。中央财经大学国际教育中心（010-62289538）。
　　除了费用，美国人没有过分看重名校还在于，本科在美国并非第一学历，终身教育理念深入人心。这意味着，即使获得了本科学历，也不能一劳永逸；如若本科就读院校非名校，也还有很多机会继续深造，并最终获得理想院校的文凭。因此，挤破脑袋，砸大笔银子，到一所名校上本科，性价比核算下来，不少美国人觉得不值。
　　美国人上名校的心火没烧那么旺，很大程度上也要归功于其高校资源分配相对均衡。美国大学数量多，彼此实力接近，地域分布广。不仅东西部有众多全球闻名的高校，在南部沙漠地带、北方偏远地区、五大湖及中西部地区，都有水平不错的高校。以常青藤大学达特茅斯为例，这所世界名校就建在一个不起眼的北方小镇。
　　在美国，各州都着力打造属于自己的一流大学，因此没必要死揪着外埠的一两所名校不放。此外，除了囊括哈佛、耶鲁等全美一流大学的常青藤联盟，“新常青藤联盟”近年来蓬勃发展，在师资、生源以及诺贝尔奖获得者数量和校友质量上直追常青藤大学，有的甚至比常青藤学校更出色。
　　大力发展社区大学，是美国“名校”的心火不至于灼人的又一重要原因。自1947年杜鲁门总统高等教育委员会提出大力发展社区学院以来，这些大学在相当程度上分流了名校的部分压力。
这类大学通常为两年制的短期大学，提供大学一二年级的基础教育和广泛的职业教育，招生门槛低、学费不高，两年后即有机会转入像哈佛这样的名校，或者直接面向就业市场，是美国教育体系的重要组成部分。
只要好学勤奋，成绩优异，即使拥有社区大学的出身，也不会影响个人未来的职业发展。以美国总统奥巴马为例，在他进入哥伦比亚大学和哈佛大学深造前，就曾在加州的一所社区大学就读。
　　不仅如此，美国各级地方政府不把自身政绩与辖区内名牌大学的升学率直接挂钩。用人单位招生时，也不会只看重应聘者的毕业院校。
美国前总统杰弗逊曾说：衡量教育是否成功，主要不看它造就了多少杰出人物，而是看它是否使大多数人能够享受到必要的教育。的确，教育需要资源均衡、机会均等，给唯名校论降温的最好方式，是在制度的细节上多下功夫。（官方微信号zcgjjy_fr）。

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